the 8th century B.C., give us an official version of “all Israel” that supposedly dominated almost the entire region of former Canaan from the beginning. Yet the overall tradition, probably based on both older oral and written sources, correctly remembers the diverse cultural origins and the multiethnic makeup of Canaan in what we now know as the Iron I period. It may be helpful at this point to summarize what we know of these other Iron Age ethnic groups. 1. Canaanites. I have used this term throughout